Lev Andreevich Okunkov, an honored lawyer of the Russian Federation, who has worked in the field of jurisprudence for decades, is known for his research in the field of labor law, the correlation of the institutions of the presidency and other supreme authorities, is eighty years old. He graduated from graduate school and defended his Ph.D. thesis at the Institute of Soviet Legislation, worked in the USSR State Committee for Labor, the apparatus of the USSR government, the General Confederation of Trade Unions; in the difficult 1991-2001 years. he was Director of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. Then — dean, professor of Moscow International University.

the article is devoted to the study of crisis phenomena in law, the main trends of their development are considered. The author raises questions about the connection between the contradictions arising in the state and the needs of society in solving these issues. The causes of the crisis in law are investigated, the main problems that appear as a result of changes leading to the emergence of a crisis are identified. The author explores the ways to overcome the crisis, relying on the fact that the crisis of law is a phenomenon in which there is a certain discrepancy between the norms and the real needs of society.

The problems of human resources for the judicial system are considered in the article. The role of international legal standards on the selection of candidates and appointment to the position of a judge for the development of the national judicial system and the implementation of the basic principles of justice is determined. The author substantiates the position that in order to administer justice in accordance with international legal standards and norms of domestic legislation, an efficiently functioning mechanism for the formation of the judiciary is required.

due to the ongoing globalization, the mobility of citizens, the current realities of the modern universe entail the emergence of an increasing number of various interpersonal conflicts of cross-border origin, among which a huge and important place is occupied by disputes arising in the family sphere, in particular, related to the abduction of a child by one of his parents. In this regard, the issues arising in the process of application by the Russian Federation of the special Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980 are relevant.
The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the Russian Federation»s application of the above-mentioned Convention in order to prevent the abduction of children and to assist in the return of such a child to the country that is the place of his usual residence.

the author analyzes the political and legal experience of France in the second half of the XIX century on the absorption of the basic tenets of the French Revolution. The emphasis is placed on the consideration of constitutional acts adopted in the second half of the 19th century and doctrinal sources in the context of the issue under consideration. It is concluded that for France, the legal forms of experiencing history is a certain continuity in the constitutional and legal regulation based on the application of accumulated experience.

the category «effectiveness of legal regulation» remains the subject of scientific discussions among legal theorists, industry specialists and representatives of the science of international law. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the effectiveness of legal regulation of private law relations complicated by a foreign element through the prism of the science of private international law. The article attempts to identify the specific features and essence of the effectiveness of legal regulation in the field of private international law. The approaches developed in science to the formation of criteria that allow assessing the effectiveness of regulating private legal relations with the participation of a foreign element are analyzed.

The article summarizes some of the results of the study of the application of the principle of good faith in sports disputes on the subject of settlement agreements in cases of anti-doping regulation violations considered by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. When a settlement agreement appears, the arbitration tribunal must answer the question of the good faith of such a transaction, although the CAS Code does not explicitly oblige the arbitration to conduct such an examination. The main goal and objectives of the study were to find answers to the following questions: compliance of bona fide settlement agreements with the concept of good faith in Swiss civil law, what are the criteria of good faith and their content, is it possible to assert the existence of sports integrity. After analyzing the decisions of arbitration, the authors found that the criteria for the good faith of amicable agreements are reduced to the CAS study of the presence or absence of the fact of manipulation by the parties to sports justice. The content of these criteria in the practice of arbitration is not formally defined, but the CAS examines the goals and motives of the parties when concluding an agreement and the essential conditions that will make it possible to establish possible manipulation of this institution.

the present paper is devoted to the analysis of the primary source of the modern concept of human rights — the United States Declaration of Independence, a document directly related to the «Jefferson»s Bible» quilted by the author of the Declaration T. Jefferson. The author emphasizes that the United States of America were perceived by Jefferson as New Israel, the idea traditionally supported by the dominant US ideology, which determines the nature of foreign policy and the interpretation of international law.
Tracing historical dynamics of Jeffersonian ideas, the author briefly analyses the current state of human rights concept in international law in its constant political time-serving changes.
The author concludes that the concept of human rights does not have its own ontology, and in modern conditions becomes the basis of the idea of the West exceptionalism in relation to the rest of the world.
The article notes that the idea upheld by the West concerning the primacy of human rights over the principle of State sovereignty leads to the collapse of the entire system of international relations and international law and means permanent war..

The article is devoted to the study of actual problems of international humanitarian law. The article notes that both the «law of Hague» and the «law of Geneva» are in a state of crisis. The author pays attention to the crisis of humanization of armed conflicts. The article also touches on the issue of encroachments on civilian objects and cultural values, on responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law. The author notes a number of unresolved problems that indicate the crisis state of international humanitarian law.

the article from the standpoint of the global process of reforming the regulatory policy in the Russian Federation considers issues related to such a part of it as the regulatory guillotine. The sphere of education has been chosen as that area of social life in which there is a significant number of its own requirements related to the educational process and its organizations, as well as such general permitting regimes as licensing and state accreditation are in force. An analysis of the novels of the regulatory guillotine in terms of educational activities showed the presence of controversial points both in relation to the mechanisms for getting rid of unnecessary requirements and shortcomings in the concept of improving control and supervisory activities in the field of education (including the issue of the list of administrative and legal regimes to be considered within the framework of the regulatory guillotine).

In article the author, through the application of the spiritual and doctrinal (Spirito-Fideo-Gnostic) method of proper legal consciousness and awareness within the system of the Universal Theory of Law, the concept and the notion of lawfulness, lawful and expedient state law, its truthful and correct interpretation and practical application, offers a panoramic picture of the necessary and proposed system of scientifically based general and special constitutional criteria for active, and responsible parliamentary, and judicial consolidated law-making.
Based on the proper and everlasting Idea of Law and the scholarly notion of Lawfulness, the author of the article also propose a far-going theoretical, scientific, legal, and constitutional project of lawful and expedient technology of parliamentary lawmaking, which shall be mainly aimed at reasonably limited and responsible legislative planning and management, as well as constitutionally programmed and systematic judicial and legal self-development (self-improvement) in the context of the Universal Theory and Philosophy of Law, as well as in accordance with the necessary and long-term plan of daily and successful state-building in modern Russia.

In January 2021, Mikhail Lvovich Zakharov celebrated his 95th birthday — an outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist on social security law, author of monographs, many scientific and journalistic works (over 300), comments on pension legislation, the Labor Code of the RSFSR and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the first a textbook for universities on social security law in Russia (co-authored with Prof. EG Tuchkova), as well as the Concept for the Development of Legislation on Compulsory Social Insurance, member of the editorial board of the legal journal «Black Holes» in Russian Legislation.
The most famous were such fundamental works of the hero of the day on social security law as the monographs: «Social insurance in Russia: past, present and development prospects» (M., 2013), «International and Russian norms of pension provision: a comparative analysis» (ed. by E.G. Tuchkov, Yu.V. Vasilieva — M., 2013), «Concepts for the development of legislation on social security» in the monograph «Scientific concepts for the development of Russian legislation» (ed. by T.Ya. Khabrieva , Yu.A. Tikhomirov — M., 2015), «Social security: the present and the future» (ed. Yu.V. Voronin, M.L. Zakharov — M., 2017); the draft of the Pension Code of the Russian Federation (M.L. Zakharov, E.G. Tuchkova, V. B. Savostyanova — M., 2008); Analytical review on the topic: «Compliance of Russian legislation with the requirements of the international labor organization» (E.G. Azarova, M.L. Zakharov, T.Yu. Korshunova, L.A. Chikanova, L.V. Seregina, etc. — M., 2014); comments: «Commentary on the new pension legislation» (M.L. Zakharov, E.G. Tuchkova, V.B. Savostyanova — M., 2002), «Commentary on the Labor Code of the Russian Federation» (M.L. Zakharov, E.G. Tuchkova, M.O. Buyanova, I.O. Snigireva and others — M., 2016); scientific articles: «Development of a unified pension system in the USSR» (Soviet state and law. 1975. № 11), «Pension reform in Russia in 1990: a good start and sad results» (co-authored with E.G. Tuchkova // State and Law. 1998. № 3), «Why does the government need a funded pension system» (Man and labor. 2001. № 5), «Basic principles for determining the level of labor (insurance) pension: reality and prospects» (Journal of Russian Law. 2009. № 7), «Legislation on insurance benefits: current state and trends of further development» (Journal of Russian Law. 2016. № 3), «International standards and the Russian pension system» (Journal of Russian Law. 2012. № 10), «On the strategy of long-term development of the pension system in Russia» (Labor law in Russia and abroad. 2012. № 4), «New scientific contribution in the development of the theory of social security law» (Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin University (MSLA). 2017. № 10) and many others.
M.L. Zakharov is the ideologist and author of the RSFSR Law «On State Pensions in the RSFSR», the author of a report at the General Assembly of the International Social Security Association «On Trends in the Development of Social Security in the World» (1972), is distinguished by highly qualified argumentation of his scientific positions, consistently and everywhere insisting on providing everyone with constitutional guarantees of social security, preserving the Soviet heritage of the benefits of social security, creating favorable living conditions in the Russian Federation. The hero of the day enthusiastically joins in the discussion of constantly arising collisions on the problems of social security legislation, strives to be heard in search of social justice.
For more than 30 years, the professional, scientific and creative of the hero of the day is associated with the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation (here in after — the Institute of Legislation), where the hero of the day from 1977 to 1993 worked as a senior researcher in the department of labor legislation and social security (even at the All-Union Research Institute of Soviet Legislation), since 2005 — a professor, chief researcher. In the period from 1990 to 1993. M.L. Zakharov was also a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, then from 1995 — a dean of the law faculty of the University at the Russian Academy of Education. Currently M.L. Zakharov Chief Researcher of the Department of Labor Legislation and Social Security of the Institute of Legislation.

the article analyzes the current state of Russian legislation on unemployment benefits and other state guarantees for unemployed citizens, examines the legal regulation of unemployment benefits in the Soviet period and draws attention to some problems of legislative regulation of this type of social security in modern conditions of social development. Based on the study of the targeted purpose of unemployment benefits, the authors substantiate its increased importance in the context of the coronavirus infection pandemic, and also emphasize the need to introduce compulsory social insurance in the Russian Federation in case of unemployment.

the article analyzes the main provisions of the Charter on Industrial Labor of 1913. According to the authors, it can be considered as the first codified source of labor law in the Russian Empire. It is concluded that the norms of labor law were based on factory legislation, the development of which was due to the industrial revolution and industrialization, which led to the growth of factories, factories, as well as the working class. The emerging Russian labor legislation corresponded to the European experience of its time.

the article addresses the issue of non-discrimination of persons with disabilities; the experience of foreign countries regarding the right to non-discrimination is presented.
The author considers the problematic issues of the realization by disabled people of the right to education and work, as well as administrative and criminal liability for discrimination against disabled people in these areas.

On June 4, 2021, at the site of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the XVI International School-Workshop for Young Scholars (project) «Human in law: modern doctrine and practice», a competition «Virtual employee in labor law» was held, within which it was possible to discuss topical issues related to the widespread use of robots, including «smart» robots, using their abilities and forming a new technological order. The participants of the event were asked to answer the following questions: is there an alternative to human labor based on artificial intelligence; can a robot be hired; what functions of the robot can be in relation to the labor functions of the employee and his legal status, as well as the place that is assigned to the employee as a subject of labor law; Is it permissible to spread the signs of the subject of labor law to a robot, provided it is fully included in the labor process and endowed with the necessary signs for this, and what should these signs be? The listed and many other topical issues of the competition became the starting points for the performances of the participating teams, as well as the basis for discussions between the teams and with the jury members.

85 years were carried out to the scientific leader of department of ecological and agrarian legislation of Institute of legislation and comparative jurisprudence at Government of Russian Federation, to the doctor of legal sciences, professor, Honoured worker of science of Russian Federation to Sergey to Alexander to Bogolyubov.
He finished in 1959 the faculty of law of the Moscow state university the name of M.V. Lomonosov, from 1959 worked in the organs of office of public prosecutor, was the chief of district staff of voluntarily folk brigades, elected the member of raykoma DOSAAF, Central advice of Society of rescuing on waters of RSFSR. In 1970th worked in the legal department of vehicle of Presidium of Supreme Soviet of RSFSR, taught in Academy of social sciences, elected from it the folk assessor of district folk court.
In 1981, Sergei Aleksandrovich moved to work at the All-Russian Research Institute of Soviet Legislation of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR (since 1994 — the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation), where he worked as a senior, leading, chief research officer, head Department of Agrarian, Environmental and Natural Resources Legislation (since 1996).
Under scientific guidance of A.S. Pigolkina by Sergey by Alexander in 1973 candidate»s dissertation was protected on a theme «Pravotvorcheskaya activity of presidiums of supreme soviets of the allied republics». In 1990 of S.A. Bogolyubov secured doctoral dissertation for a theme «constitutional-legal problems of guard of environment in the USSR». The more than 800 published advanced studies, among which monographs «Earth and right», «Pravotvorchestvo in the field of ecology», «Realization of ecological policy by means of right», «Development of ecolaw on Eurasian space», numerous articles in legal magazines.
S .A. Bogolyubov is an author of comments to the federal laws on about the guard of environment, about the bowels of the earth, about an animal kingdom, about the guard of atmospheric air, about hydrometeorological service, to Earth, Water, Forest, Town-planning the codes of Russian Federation, encyclopaedic dictionaries, nauchno-prakticheskikh manuals, textbooks for the legal institutes of higher and faculties «ecolaw», «Landed right», «Agrarian right», «Prirodoresursnoe (ecological) right», «Issues of the day of ecolaw».
In the scientific labours of S.A. Bogolyubov probes the theoretical and practical problems of ecolaw is combination of guard of environment and prirodopol»zovaniya in the light of observance of constitutional requirements, combination of ecolaws and proper duties of man and citizen, realization of legal mechanisms of defence of ecolaws and providing of implementation of nature protection duties, becoming, development of ecolaw, legislation and their correlation with other fields of the Russian law and legislation, sovereignty of the Russian state above his natural resources, ecological inlightening, forming of ecological culture, legal responsibility of physical and legal persons for violation of nature protection rules.
S.A. Bogolyubov is an organizer and active participant of nauchno-prakticheskikh conferences in Moscow, Saransk, Saratov, Omske, Orenburge, Ufe and other regions of Russia. His appearances in Kazakhstan, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Germanium, China, USA, Austria come into the notice of listeners logic, by direct knowledge of the discussed problems. As a result of long-term scientific activity the name of Sergey Alexander Bogolyubova deservedly stands among leading light and founders of ecolaw in Russia and countries of the newly independent States.

The idea that animals ultimately need to be treated humanely, or at least carefully, have been known since ancient times. The ideas about the subordination of the animal world to man, the Protestant and Catholic communities, come from the time of the writing of the Mosaic Pentateuch. In European scientific thought, the views on the ability of animals to feel can be traced in modern times. The first laws on the protection of animals are considered to be the regulations adopted in Ireland at the beginning of the 17th century, which prohibited pulling wool from sheep and attaching a plow to the tails of horses, due to the possibility of causing pain to animals by these actions.
At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, an opponent of the mechanistic attitude towards animals, the English philosopher John Locke, expressed the idea that animals are capable of feeling, and therefore it is wrong and immoral to cause them suffering, entailing torment. The beginning of the 19th century is characterized by an increase in public attention to animal welfare. In England, the minds of enlightened people were increasingly concerned with the socio-ethical problems of the elderly, the poor, the young, the mentally ill, and now the treatment of animals. The National Socialist German Workers» Party in the Bundestag, which came to power in Germany in January 1933, prepared and adopted the first complete set of animal welfare laws in Europe. A characteristic feature of legislative acts, the subject of which were animals, adopted until the middle of the 20th century, was the reflection of the interests of people, and last but not least of animals. At the turn of the second and third millennia, the property of human thought was the concept of the natural rights of animals.

within the framework of this article, the features of the legal regime of the varieties of zones with special conditions for the use of territories provided for by legislation, as well as other protected zones that can be used to protect marine areas that are of priority importance for the conservation of populations of marine mammals that are on the verge of extinction, are considered. Based on the conducted research, the article draws conclusions about the effectiveness or inefficiency of the application of the considered zones for these purposes and the need to make appropriate changes to the current legislation.

the science of environmental law has suffered a great loss — at the age of 72, Doctor of Law, Professor O.L. Dubovik died. Thanks to her broad scientific outlook, she was not confined to a single legal specialty. Her works were distinguished by an interdisciplinary approach to the consideration of problems of criminal, international, administrative, and other branches of law. She actively conducted comparative legal studies of Russian legislation and the legislation of foreign countries, their supranational entities.
In total, O. L. Dubovik published more than 400 scientific works, including the fundamental works «The causes of environmental crimes» (Moscow, 1988; co-authored with her husband A. E. Zhalinsky), «The mechanism of law in environmental protection» (Moscow, 1994), «Environmental crimes. Commentary to Chapter 26 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation» (Moscow, 1998), «Environmental Law of Eastern Europe» (Moscow, 2018). She was the responsible editor of the practical manual for the environmental police (Moscow, 2003), the collective monograph «Legal responsibility for environmental offenses» (Moscow, 2011).
Olga Leonidovna organized comments on legislative acts included in the system of environmental, land, and other natural resource legislation. Her comments on the laws are distinguished by the systematic nature, scientific validity of the structure, and practical orientation of the content. O. L. Dubovik studied the areas of interaction and contradictions of the EU environmental and agricultural policy, designed to ensure the life of man and humanity, advocated the development of «eco-friendly» agriculture in Russia. O. L. Dubovik devoted time to teaching, directing graduate students and applicants for academic degrees, teaching in higher legal educational institutions.
O. L. Dubovik creatively designed models of the mechanism of action of environmental law on the basis of large-scale sociological research: in her works, a new scientific direction was developed — environmental criminology. She has researched the problems of environmental corruption, environmental certification, environmental licensing, illegal trade in natural resources, the environment. Her last published monograph was «Ecological Conflictology (prevention and resolution of ecological and legal conflicts)» (Moscow, 2019), which is the result of her many years of research.
Olga Leonidovna»s research interests included issues related to environmental law — land, other natural resources, and agricultural law. She was a member of the author»s team of textbooks «Land Law» (M. 2013, 2014, etc.), was the responsible editor of Comments to the Land Code of the Russian Federation (M., 2013, etc.), to the Water Code of the Russian Federation (2011), to the Federal Laws «On the transfer of land or land plots from one category to another» and «On Land Management» (2012).
Olga Leonidovna actively collaborated with Russian and foreign scientific organizations, took part in joint projects. At INION RAS, she published collections of scientific works of scientists from different countries — »Modern environmental law in Russia and abroad» (Moscow, 2001), «Modern Medical law in Russia and Abroad» (Moscow, 2003). She constantly participated in scientific and practical conferences of environmental and criminal law orientation held in Russia, Germany, and Poland. Participated in international projects «Criminal law protection of the environment» (Freiburg, Germany, 1988-1989); «Rational environmental policy — rational environmental law» (Bielefeld, Germany, 1998-1999).
Speaking German and Polish, Olga Leonidovna regularly informed the Russian scientific community about current trends in the development of environmental, criminal law, and criminology abroad, and foreign readers about Russian legislation, experience, and domestic research. She constantly reviewed the works of leading legal scholars in the field of environmental and criminal law in Russia and other European countries, and analyzed the environmental law of the European Union.
The death of the chief researcher of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, O.L. Dubovik — is a significant loss of the scientific ecological and legal Russian and international community.